Under FIOT terms, who is responsible for loading, discharging, and trimming cargo?

• A. Charterer
• B. Shipowner
• C. Disponent Owner
• D. Master

Answer: (A)

FIOT terms assign the cargo handling duties to the charterer. Free In and Out, with trimming included, means the charterer is responsible for loading and discharging the cargo as well as ensuring the cargo is properly trimmed to maintain ship stability. The shipowner provides the vessel and crew and oversees safe navigation, but the actual cargo operations—in port, arranging stevedores, supervising loading and discharge, and balancing the cargo—are borne by the charterer. The master facilitates the voyage and enforces safety, but does not assume the cargo-handling obligations in FIOT.